Basics

Lipases such as Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (lipase TL) are enzymes that are characterized by high thermal stability, broad substrate specificity and excellent enantioselectivity. The immobilized form is widely used as it enables easy handling and reusability. Due to its robustness and versatility, lipases remain a key biocatalyst in science and industry, enabling sustainable processes and innovative applications.

Benefits of lipases for sustainability and product quality

  • Product yield: near complete conversion with high yields (> 95 %) and minimal by-products
  • Mild reaction conditions: Temperatures usually below 70 °C, and no use of strong acids or bases.
  • Environmental profile: No heavy metal catalysts, toxic reagents and solvents.
  • Recyclability: Immobilized lipases (e.g. on polyacrylate) retain their activity over dozens of reaction cycles and allow easy separation from the reaction medium.
  • Reduced chemical footprint: no petroleum-based solvents, low energy requirement.
  • Product safety: No residue of heavy metal catalysts; suitable class for “Clean Beauty” label in cosmetic applications.
  • Purer products: Fewer by-products due to high enzyme selectivity and often less colored products due to milder reaction conditions.

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Selected literature on Fermenta Biotech Ltd. CAL-B:

  1. Khan, N.; Jadhav, S.; Rathod, V.K. Enzymatic synthesis of n-butyl palmitate in a solvent-free system: RSM optimization and kinetic studies. Biocatal. Biotransform. 2016, 34, 99-109.
  2. Khan, N.R.; Gawas, S.D.; Rathod, V.K. Enzyme-catalyzed production of n-butyl palmitate using ultrasound assisted esterification of palmitic acid in a solvent-free system. Bioprocess. Biosys. Eng. 2018, 41, 1621-1634.
  3. Gawas, S.D.; Khan, N.; Rathod, V.K. Application of response surface methodology for lipase catalyzed synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl palmitate in a solvent free system using ultrasound. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2019, 36, 1007-1017.
  4. Jaiswal, K.S.; Rathod, V.K. Enzymatic synthesis of cosmetic grade wax ester in solvent free system: Optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. SN Appl. Sci. 2019, 1, 949.
  5. Khan, N.R.; Rathod, V.K. Enzymatic synthesis of cetyl oleate in a solvent free medium using microwave irradiation and physicochemical evaluation. Biocatal. Biotransform. 2020, 38, 114-122.
  6. Gawas, S.D.; Rathod, V.K. Ultrasound assisted green synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl stearate: A cosmetic bio-lubricant. J. Oleo Sci. 2020, 69, 1043-1049.
  7. Jaiswal, K.; Saraiya, S.; Rathod, V.K. Intensification of enzymatic synthesis of decyl oleate using ultrasound in solvent free system: Kinetic, thermodynamic and physicochemical study. J. Oleo Sci. 2021, 70, 559-570.